Hypoxia

Definitions

Hypoxia is a condition of insufficient O2 for proper organ and brain function

Objective(s)

Recognize the symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions for hypoxia

Description

• Hypoxic—inadequate supply (altitude)
• Hypemic—inadequate transport capacity (CO, some drugs)
  • Smoking at sea level can produce the physiological equivalent of 5-8,000 feet of altitude.
• Histotoxic—inadequate cellular uptake (EtOH and depressants)
  • 1 oz of alcohol can produce the physiological equivalent of 2,000 feet of altitude.
• Stagnant—inadequate circulation (medical conditions and load)
• Effects
  • Causes cognitive deficits such as decreased judgment, euphoria/belligerence, loss of memory or alertness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness (time of useful consciousness PHAK 15-3)
  • Sensory: tunnel vision
  • Motor: lack of coordination, increased reaction time

Instructional aids

None required

Recognition

• LiVEDDDHead: Lightheadedness, Visual disturbance, Euphoria, Disorientation, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Headache → all these symptoms are common to lack of O­­₂
• Similar to nitrous oxide buzz
• Other symptoms listed in RFH and PHAK

Avoidance and recovery

• Avoid by using supplemental O₂ per CFR §91.211 (12,500/14000/15000) or having lower personal limitations (eg, 10000 MSL day/5000 MSL night)
• IMSAFE checklist: alcohol and some drugs can precipitate hypoxia at lower altitudes
• Recover by using supplemental O₂ or descending at first signs of LiVEDDDHead

Real-life advice and experience

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Additional resources

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